Sudanese government forces and Janjaweed militias attacked non-Arab ethnic groups in Darfur, destroying villages, killing civilians, and displacing millions. Sexual violence was widespread. The United States and others have described the campaign as genocide.
The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir and other officials on charges including genocide. A hybrid court and later transitional justice mechanisms have been discussed, but accountability remains incomplete. Hundreds of thousands remain displaced.