Qing forces under the Qianlong Emperor systematically destroyed the Dzungar Mongol people after conquering their khanate. Contemporary estimates suggest 70–80% of the Dzungar population (roughly 500,000–600,000 people) died from warfare, disease, and deliberate killing or displacement.
The Qing resettled the depopulated region with other ethnic groups. The events are documented in Qing records and later historical scholarship. Modern recognition as genocide has grown among historians of Central Asia and Qing history.